Chad with the capital city N'Djamena is located in Africa (Central Africa, south of Libya). It covers some 1,284,000 square kilometres (slightly more than three times the size of California) with 10,111,000 citizens.

About the flag and history of Chad

Three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; the flag combines the blue and red French (former colonial) colors with the red and yellow of the Pan-African colors; blue symbolizes the sky, hope, and the south of the country, which is relatively well-watered; yellow represents the sun, as well as the desert in the north of the country; red stands for progress, unity, and sacrifice note: similar to the flag of Romania; also similar to the flags of Andorra and Moldova, both of which have a national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of France.

Chad, part of France's African holdings until 1960, endured three decades of civil warfare, as well as invasions by Libya, before a semblance of peace was finally restored in 1990. The government eventually drafted a democratic constitution and held flawed presidential elections in 1996 and 2001. In 1998, a rebellion broke out in northern Chad, which has sporadically flared up despite several peace agreements between the government and the insurgents. In 2005, new rebel groups emerged in western Sudan and made probing attacks into eastern Chad despite signing peace agreements in December 2006 and October 2007. In June 2005, President Idriss DEBY held a referendum successfully removing constitutional term limits and won another controversial election in 2006. Sporadic rebel campaigns continued throughout 2006 and 2007. The capital experienced a significant insurrection in early 2008, but has had no significant rebel threats since then, in part due to Chad's 2010 rapprochement with Sudan, which previously used Chadian rebels as proxies. DEBY in 2011 was reelected to his fourth term in an election that international observers described as proceeding without incident. Power remains in the hands of an ethnic minority.

National administrative regions of Chad

• Batha
• Biltine
• Borkou Region
• Chad (general)
• Chari-Baguirmi
• Ennedi Region
• Guera
• Kanem
• Lac
• Logone Occidental
• Logone Oriental
• Mayo-Kebbi East Region
• Mayo-Kebbi West Region
• Moyen-Chari
• Ouaddai
• Region de la Ville de N'Djamena
• Region du Barh el Gazel
• Region du Hadjer-Lamis
• Region du Mandoul
• Region du Sila
• Salamat
• Tandjile
• Tibesti Region

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